Where we can be, where we want to be

Where we could beOur customers’ expectations are changing as they are able to connect among themselves and get better answers to their questions. The web has enabled this change and can also help us meet the challenge; at the core of our response is our relationship with each and every customer as well as our online corporate personality.

Let’s follow our customer’s quest, comparing her expectations with the response she is getting from brands. At the very beginning, our customer has a set of needs which she expresses in her own way; she is not a product expert so she doesn’t know exactly what is best for her, what she should be looking for, what’s a reasonable price, in fact she may not even be certain of making the right questions.

With her new web powers she is able to fire off a few search queries which may result in some answers, depending on her language, the topic at hand, and how many other consumers have made the same questions before. The responses she gets from companies are ads and “marketing speak” which she has been conditioned to ignore from years of watching TV or reading magazines, and she gets more useful responses from other consumers, even if they don’t directly address her questions.

If she is brave enough she might even sign up on a forum, ask a question directly, and get different types of responses: some will chide her for even asking, others will offer what they see as the obvious choice (what they themselves have bought), and a few will try to be useful. In so doing she refines her quest.

She then decides she’s done enough research and goes to shops which sell the product she is looking for. Talking to the sales staff she quickly realizes she knows more about the product than they do, and that beyond price promotions and the latest models they are unable to help her further refine her own quest and decide what is best for her. Sales staff may have the very best training, the best motivation, the best of intentions; they are simply out of sync with the customer, who will only go to their shop once (a) she’s tired of searching, (b) needs to solve her need even if she’s unsure of what’s best for her or (c) finds going to more shops a hassle. Where we are

The important bit is the difference between our customer’s new expectations and the response – or lack thereof – that she is receiving. Our customer now knows more about the products that may satisfy her needs, but she is also more frustrated, has the feeling that she is missing out on better options, and isn’t finding answers from us; this is what we urgently need to address.

Beyond reacting to our customers we also need to engage them, to propose solutions, to be a player on equal footing, otherwise we run the risk of always playing catch up. The prizes are well known to progressive CEOs around the world, we want the long term relationship, the loyalty, the good referrals, but these need to be earned on the web by being relevant, useful, by investing in goodwill and trust. This is hard work and there is no magic formula, but it also takes us back to a more primordial meaning of marketing, in which we know our customer, we understand what she’s looking for, we are on her side, we know what’s best for her at this precise moment, at her budget, we can show her the end result of her quest and how to get there, and we can even get out of the way if needed. The future is here.

So I’ve been put in charge of our web projects… Where do I begin?

Two people questions 1One day the boss decides that someone should be in charge of “our web site”, “our Facebook page” or whatever it is that our company has been using… Usually when a refresh is required and no one quite knows who is in charge… And you are the one chosen by the gods. Congratulations, this is a great opportunity, and I will try to give you some ideas.

The good news is this position can be a learning experience, a good stepping stone for your career and even a lot of fun. Beyond being the “it” guy or gal at your company, at the center of all things new and cool, you will also have the opportunity to generate actual value for your company, by making your customer’s lives easier, more interesting and more productive.

The bad new is there is a confusion between web media and its actual use. In the mind of your boss you will be in charge of “being on the web”, coordinating with existing marketing campaigns and presenting reports on the number of visitors and “Likes”. None of that will actually generate any value for your company, and while your boss means well, you will need to change this perception so everyone is on the same frequency and has the right expectations for the web and for you. In the end your boss is thinking of results, sales, costs, profits, growth, and you will need to make the connection with the web; fear not, you won’t be doing this on your own.

The first thing you need to ask for is a job description; If the job description doesn’t exist your HR department may need to ask a specialist to generate one, but you need to be aware that not all descriptions are equally useful, and some may put you on the wrong track.

The right job description for a Web Coordinator (or whatever it’s called at your company) will first establish two high level goals, which are “How the web affects our business” and “How we can use the web to improve our business”; together they can be heartily accepted by your boss and define a Web Medium Strategy. At the heart of these goals is knowing our business and our customers, and is not something that can be expected immediately of someone new to the position. Knowledge of our customer already exists somewhere in your company, and your first task may be to find a way to collect it, usually from stakeholders; the second part of the equation is for you to express to these stakeholders how the web is affecting their customers and how we can use the web to help their results.

A second level goal derived from this is a Content Strategy defined by specific projects, their goals, and scope. My way of generating a content strategy is through the customer’s experience with our product, unearthing specific opportunities to improve it.

A third level goal is to manage projects and in particular to understand the resources involved in each project, from Information Architecture, to Usability, to Development and Design. The Web Coordinator doesn’t need to be a specialist in these areas but needs to understand them well enough to know which ones are more important for each project and what to ask of each web specialist. There are many courses and books available to understand each area, but your boss needs to understand they will require a specific investment, mostly in time.

The wrong job description will make your life a lot harder because it falls back on a default that isn’t working, which will have you running after specialists who in the end can only generate empty media like web sites and social pages devoid of any interest for your customers and thus of results for your company. You can find a way of rating your website here.

The wrong assumption here is that we will be generating web forms like web sites, or social pages, or pretty design, or fancy technology, to which we can later bolt on some content or functionality; what we need is to be generating whatever it is that helps our customers and our business, which defines our content, which we can then deliver in whichever form our customer is using or is likely to find most useful: a very clear case of function first, form second.

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How can we move beyond competing on prices and promotions?

IMG_9055AWith increased global competition it can seem that options for businesses are limited, beyond stepping up R&D with the implicit risk and limited ROI, integrating price discounts into the overall strategy, packing up and moving to lower cost countries… Or buying up the competition. And yet seen from another perspective there remain many opportunities available.

Think of the typical small business purchase of computer equipment: the consumer has a specific need (a new employee needs a PC), goes to a few retailers… And is faced with a wall of unintelligible technological terms which only confuse him (Four cores! 3.2 Ghz!), and price promotions (20% off!). In the end the customer is none the wiser as to which one is best for his business: it might be cheap, the technology might be super, but is it worth it?

The typical reaction by the consumer is to ask a technology savvy friend (a.k.a “the geek”) who will ponder the different processors, hard drive space, memory and half heartedly make a recommendation. But here’s the catch: the consumer’s needs are not about technology, but about the use of technology: Will it be easy to use? Will it have everything that is needed, from programs to energy protection? Will it help us work better? Will it be reliable? WIll it be durable? The customer doesn’t express these needs, his geek friend cannot help with them even if he did, and brands are left competing on price, newness and razor thin profit margins. Everyone loses compared to a situation in which brands responded to the customer’s actual needs.

Other markets may not be as dramatic but if we follow our customers’ quests and establish the end result they achieve we can realize there is usually a better possible outcome and a better experience along the way, which our customer can appreciate and be willing to pay for. In fact that better outcome might be exactly what our brand promises, but then we need to ask ourselves to which extent it is fulfilling that promise and how much room there is for improvement. This isn’t a critique of manufacturers and retailers, it may simply reflect the limitations of traditional advertising based marketing, but is intended to show the opportunities to compete on improving the actual value for our customers, which would let us move beyond competing on prices.

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Whom should we hire to do our web site?

Wrench and screwdriverThe very first question should be: what do you want your website to do? What should you be using the web in general for? The problem with not having these questions solved first is that you’ll find yourself with a default answer provided by web vendors: you’ll want a pretty site, will say the designer; you’ll want a cool platform, will say the developer; you’ll want to be popular on social media, will say the twitter user; you’ll want the magic of SEO will say the SEO expert… But none of these are directly related to your business goals. How can you tell? Because your website will be empty of content, won’t address anyone and thus won’t be found by anyone, or it will have generic content of little value for your customers, which may even hinder your long term relationship with them.

A second related question is that not all web functions can be outsourced. If you think of your web presence as a tool to help in the delivery of your brand’s promise, this is something that can only be accomplished inside your company, as no one outside will know your customers better.

So who should you hire first? Whoever knows your customer best, whoever has a stake in sales to customers and your customer’s experience… In other words, probably you or some of your colleagues… Who already work with you. Once you’ve established what the web can do for you, you can then ask specific tasks of web specialists, and they’ll thank you for being more specific.

How do we rate our current website?

IMG_20140310_114530037The web and our business:

  • Is our web site relevant in our customer’s quest?
  • Does our web site have a positive impact on sales? Do we have business metrics for our web site or are we relying on generic traffic?
  • Does our web site help our customers appreciate our product’s attributes and quality?
  • Can our customers find the info they are looking for quickly?
  • Can our customers act on the info they find on our site? For instance they may follow up by looking for a nearby store, see if it has the product in inventory, look for an important parameter they had not thought about before.
  • Is the web helping specific strategic initiatives?

Our web site as part of our overall web presence:

  • Which media and touch points do our customers use in their quest related to our product?
  • Which media is more useful or would be more useful in their quest, how does our web site rank among the other web options?
  • Are we investing in what offers a better return or in what’s available by default?

The web as a process:

  • Do we have control over digital assets, like the domain, hosting, FTP?
  • Is all our content regularly backed up and available?
  • Is our content easy to update?
  • Is there a specific process to generate, edit and sign off on content?
  • Who’s in charge of our web projects? Who are the stakeholders?
  • How do we measure the web team’s success?
  • What are the web team’s functions?

 

Who should be in charge of our web projects?

Staff

Ultimately the web can be profitably used to attract clients, help them solve their needs through our products and services, and make their overall experience with our product more productive and pleasant. This can also be seen as delivering on our brand’s promise, and catching up to our customer’s expectations which are being changed by the web itself. This gives us some idea of who should be in charge of our web projects.

Since the web can be used to reach more clients and expand their experience around our product, a logical choice would be whoever is charge of new business development: depending on your organization this could be your CEO or your brand or product managers. The relationship is even stronger when our use of the web has implications for adapting or improving our product itself. For instance a coffee brand may use the web to help its customers express how they prefer their drink, which may be different from the custom in the brand’s country of origin. In this case the person in charge needs to balance the opportunity to serve a new market with the risk of diluting the original brand.

Web projects can also be seen as the natural purview of Marketing, since we are talking about the brand and fulfilling its promise. There is a specific danger as the marketing department can easily fall on its default use of other media but now on the web, with the resulting campaigns generating advertising that is irrelevant or annoying to our customers. The biggest cost of traditional advertising on the web is that we are missing out on the stream of queries from our customers, eroding their trust in us and putting our long term relationship with them in jeopardy.

Given that the web has an effect on many business areas the CEO may need to be the team leader. Taking into account the amount of work CEOs already have to cope with, they may need to delegate this task but remain the ultimate stakeholder. The easiest way to begin is to define the stakeholders, and from this an executive team.

From the impact of the web on our business we can also see who should not be in charge: our web projects are clearly not design projects, so the arts department or an external designer with no knowledge of our customers and our business cannot generate the goals and the specific web solutions. Once we have a web medium strategy, a content strategy that responds to specific opportunities, then we will certainly require functions such as information architecture and usability testing that will help us give form to specific web projects – and even this is far removed from “web decoration”.

The same logic applies to our IT department or external developers: some technology will be required but technology by itself with no content is of no value to us. Our IT department’s contribution could be invaluable once we define the goals of our projects and a content strategy, as they could help us choose the best web technology, manage suppliers and have better control of our digital assets.

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We’re a small company, what can we do on the web?

Small boat

As a small business you may feel that you should be on the web but that it may be too costly or complex; while there is certainly an investment that needs to be undertaken the good news is that it may be well within your means once you realize the resources required; it is also something you need to be doing for the health of your business.

Investment in what? Ultimately the web can be used as a marketing tool to attract more clients and retain them better, which may be exactly what your company needs to survive and grow in times of a seemingly perpetual recession.

  • If your local or regional customers cannot afford your products, you may be able to attract national or international customers.
  • You may find that your expert knowledge of clients, their needs, and your products is something that cannot be matched by bigger competitors even if they have a cost advantage, as customers fail to find the exact solution they are looking for with them, which you may be able to offer.
  • You could have specific skills which may seem very normal to you but may be uncommon and scarce, and which the customer is looking for.

Marketing? But we barely have money for the usual things available for small businesses, like leaflets and directories, if at all in times of a recession, how can we afford web marketing?

You can probably afford marketing on the web because most of the work hinges on the knowledge of your customers, which only you have; the web is only a set of tools which helps you do more with this knowledge. The need for an investment remains, but most of it will be your own time, which is usually the one resource small business have some flexibility with.

I would suggest that beyond working more hours, which is the usual reaction of a small business manager, you should allocate a specific amount of time, say one or two hours a day, and establish that as part of your marketing budget (so the price of your salary for one hour, times the number of hours per month): don’t let this work go outside your budget or go unappreciated, this isn’t a hobby but part of the business.

The decisions you need to take are:

  • Establish a need for marketing in general, to attract more clients. Most small businesses rely on location, word of mouth, fliers, while traditional advertising is outside of their reach. The good news is that web marketing can be more efficient than any of these.
  • Establish how the web in particular can help you (a web medium strategy): audience, specific opportunities and goals.
  • Establish web solutions for each opportunity, which defines a content strategy. You will be generating this content.
  • Establish the additional resources required: functionality, technology, interface design… This may sound daunting but if you think of the quickest, cheapest, most efficient way to get your content across to your audience, there are many resources available for free or at a price within your budget. The better defined a project, the easiest and cheapest it will be for a developer to help you.

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